$11 trillion industry. 357 million jobs.
Unknown number of animals affected.
Just one of 43 categories we will estimate. Sources: venue counts from IBISWorld, Statista, B2BReviews; animals-per-meal range from Faunalytics (0.1) and Veestro (0.3), central estimate 0.2.
Horses, donkeys, camels, elephants
Safaris, marine encounters, sanctuaries
Shows, circuses, photo ops
Fishing, hunting, racing, bullfighting
Restaurants, hotels, cruise ships, street food
Mascots, cultural rituals, souvenir trade
Back-of-the-envelope calculations across 43 categories using secondary data
Top categories refined with local expert consultation in North Carolina (US) and Latvia (EU)
Sensitivity analysis, double-counting checks, conservative ranges
Validated pilot estimates scaled to US, EU, and global level
Large domestic market with diverse animal-use categories
Smaller international market within EU policy framework
Founder, Where Animals Matter — nonprofit transforming global tourism for animal welfare.
Applied quantitative research on animal welfare reforms in Europe.